Śp. o. Ludwik Semkowski (1891–1977)

Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy

[Ludwik Fleck and the sociocultural analysis of science(s)].

For the good of humanity: Ludwik Rajchman, medical statesman

Marta Balifiska's book brings to life a little known figure, her great-grandfather, Ludwik Rajchman, the medical director of the Sanitary Commission of the League of the Nations, and a little known period, the early development of international health organizations. Rajchman, a Polish-Jewish physician who specialized in public health, created in 1919 the first epidemiology laboratory in the new...

To heal the mind's eye of hate--Dr. Ludwik Zamenhof.

Ludwik Zamenhof (1859-1917), born in Poland, invented and propagated Esperanto - an artificial, easy-to-learn language. Literally meaning "language of hope," Esperanto was constructed to avoid misunderstandings, establish communication and facilitate harmony among different nationalities. Simply, he wanted people to accept one another despite observed differences. He was a skilled ophthalmologi...

Ludwik Bierkowski and the early days of general anaesthesia in the Polish soil in February 1847.

Ludwik Bierkowski belonged to the elite of surgeons of the first half of the 19th century. Educated in an excellent German university, Bierkowski had in-depth and comprehensive knowledge, a wide range of practical skills and was continuously eager to search for new solutions. He introduced cotton wool for wound dressings, experimentally determined the conditions of blood transfusions and publis...